plant physiology

Protoplasmic components were: plant cell walls serve to protect, maintain their shape and prevent excessive water loss. Cell membrane that serves as a place of entrance and exit of substances that are needed and not needed by the cell. It is part of the protoplast cytoplasm in the form of a viscous solution. Chloroplast is chlorophyll a typical leaf of each plant is owned by autotrophs serves as a venue for the process of photosynthesis. Plasmodesmata found only in plants. gene function is to organize the nucleus during cell division, producing, where the synthesis of ribosomes, the site of replication and transcription of DNA, endoplasmic reticulum function in intracellular transport of materials to be secreted, are involved in the formation of vacuoles and Golgi membranes in the body. The ribosome serves as a venue for the synthesis of proteins. Mitochondria are the places where the function of respiration takes place. Golgi secretory function in the process of sugars, polysaccharides, polysaccharide-protein complexes. The central vacuole serves as a place to store water and food reserves in the cell.

The process of formation of ions and water molecules start moving in and out along the cell body of the plant in the soil enters the plant through the root epidermis, penetrate the root cortex, into the stele and xylem vessels up to. On the way to the central cylinder, water will move freely in the space between cells. Transporting water and minerals from the soil outside the vessel file is done through two mechanisms, namely extracellular Apoplas Transportation along the lines that made up part of the roots of living plants, the cell walls and intercellular spaces and Simplas transport system, causing the water to reach the central cylinder. After passing the cells - the cells of roots, water and dissolved minerals which will go into the xylem and transport occurs vertically.

 Wooden vessels composed by several cell types, but the part that plays an important role in the process of transporting water and minerals are cells - the cells of the trachea. The tip of the tracheal cells to form capillary tube open. Xylem tissue structures such as the capillary tube is because the cells - the cells making up the network is experiencing a fusion (merge). Water moves from cell to cell trachea trachea one upon which follows the principle of capillarity and cohesion of water in the xylem tracheal cells.

Meanwhile, passive transport occurs in the cell with the displacement of molecules or ions without the use of cellular energy. Then the active transport is the movement of molecules or ions using the energy of that cell. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration through the plasma membrane or not. Osmosis is the movement of molecules of a solution of high concentration of water solubility of low water concentration. Other processes that influence the active transport is not spontaneous. Direction of movement of these transport against a concentration gradient. Active transport requires the help of several proteins. While endocytosis and exocytosis is a transport that requires energy.

Reproduction, development and specialization of multicellular organisms that form a network in a way that the cell cycle there are two major phases, namely a resting phase and Interphase Mitosis phase. Network started from seed plants consisting of dormant embryo, food storage, and protective. time to grow, the water content of seeds will be reduced drastically. Is the result of fertilization the embryo develops to form buds and apical meristem and root apical meristem. These embryos will continue to grow by using the nutrients present in the endosperm through the suspensor.

Plant cells interact with their environment. Cell behavior is not only influenced by the cell itself but also the surrounding cells and the plant itself and the outside environment. A wide range of substances such as food, minerals, water and gas to move from cell to cell in the form of molecules or particles. Environment of a cell includes the surrounding cells and the external environment, including water, soil and air where these plants grow and live. Cells that interact directly with the external environment such cells in roots, stems and leaves are then spread throughout the plant body through the spaces in the cell. Molecules or particles of water, gas and minerals into the plant cell through a process of diffusion and osmosis. Through these processes of plants can acquire the necessary substances for growth.